Lung Cancer
What is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer begins when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs. These cells can form a tumor and, over time, may spread to nearby tissues or other parts of the body. Lung cancer is one of the most common and serious cancers worldwide, but it can often be treated effectively if found early.
Signs & Symptoms
If you experience symptoms, you may observe that:
Persistent cough (lasting more than 2–3 weeks)
Coughing up Blood
Shortness of Breath
Chest Pain
Unexplained Weight Loss
Fatigue or Weakness
Recurrent lung infections (like bronchitis or pneumonia)
What Causes Lung Cancer?
The most common cause is tobacco smoking, but non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to other risk factors.
Risk Factors
- Smoking (cigarettes, cigars, or pipes)
- Secondhand smoke
- Exposure to air pollution, asbestos, radon gas, or industrial chemicals
- Family history of lung cancer
- Prior radiation therapy to the chest
Can Lung Cancer Be Prevented?
While not all cases are preventable, you can reduce your risk by:
- Not smoking or quitting smoking
- Avoiding secondhand smoke
- Testing your home for radon gas
- Wearing protective gear if exposed to dust, chemicals, or fumes
- Getting regular checkups if you're at risk
Tests and Diagnosis
Chest X-ray
A basic scan to look for abnormal masses or shadows in the lungs.
CT Scan (Low-Dose CT)
A detailed imaging test that can detect small tumors.
Recommended annually for high-risk individuals (age 50+, heavy smokers).
PET-CT Scan
Shows active cancer areas and whether it has spread.
Sputum Cytology
A sample of coughed-up mucus is examined for cancer cells.
Bronchoscopy
A thin tube is inserted into the lungs through the throat to look directly at lung tissue and collect samples.
Biopsy
A small sample of lung tissue is removed (via needle, bronchoscopy, or surgery) and tested to confirm cancer type.
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